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Injury Causation / Regulatory Compliance
Real world crash investigation experience - full understanding of regulations/design requirements

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Vehicle Impact Energy
(How do injuries occur?)

  • Part absorbed by vehicle structure

  • Part transferred through structure to seats/restraints

  • Then from seats/restraints to occupant

  • Body absorbs energy causing injury or causing movement of body (flailing)

  • Body movement causing secondary impacts to vehicle interior or motion itself causes injury

Pilot of this Cessna survived with only restraint abrasions

Design Limit: Compliance
(Bad product? Bad Spec?)

  • State of art and safety/risk expectations drive product design

  • Regulations/requirements also drive product design

  • Unexpected injuries can occur because these are not in balance

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